In India, the Parliament is the supreme legislative body and is bicameral in nature, consisting of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). A parliamentary session refers to the period during which the Parliament meets to conduct its business. The Indian Parliament operates on a system of sessions, with each year divided into three sessions:
Budget Session:
Usually begins in late January or early February and concludes in May.
It is divided into two parts – the first part deals with the presentation and discussion of the Union Budget, and the second part focuses on other legislative business.
The President’s address to the joint sitting of both houses marks the beginning of the session.
The Finance Minister presents the annual Union Budget during this session.
The session generally has a recess to allow parliamentary committees to examine the budgetary proposals in detail.
Monsoon Session:
Typically held between July and August.
This session primarily focuses on the passage of pending bills and other legislative business.
It is named the “Monsoon Session” because it coincides with the monsoon season in India.
Winter Session:
Traditionally held in November and December.
Similar to the Monsoon Session, the Winter Session is dedicated to the transaction of legislative business.
It allows the Parliament to consider and pass important bills and address various issues of national importance.
Proceedings during a Session:
President’s Address:
At the beginning of the first session of each year, the President of India addresses a joint sitting of both houses. This address outlines the government’s policies and priorities.
Budget Presentation:
In the Budget Session, the Finance Minister presents the Union Budget, which includes the government’s revenue and expenditure plans for the upcoming financial year.
Question Hour:
During each session, there is a designated time for Members of Parliament (MPs) to ask questions related to various ministries and hold the government accountable.
Debates and Discussions:
Members of both houses engage in debates and discussions on various issues, including legislative proposals, policies, and matters of national importance.
Passage of Bills:
The Parliament considers and votes on various bills, which may be introduced by the government or private members. The process involves readings, discussions, and voting.
Committee Work:
Parliamentary committees play a crucial role in scrutinizing legislative proposals, examining the functioning of ministries, and providing valuable inputs.
Adjournment:
The session concludes with the adjournment, and the date for the next session is decided by the President on the advice of the Cabinet.
It’s important to note that in exceptional circumstances, the President can summon a special session, and the sessions may be prorogued (formally ended) by the President. The frequency and duration of sessions may vary based on the government’s priorities and the legislative agenda.
