Special provisions for certain states in India are constitutional provisions that provide unique arrangements or privileges for specific states based on historical, cultural, or geographical considerations. These provisions aim to address the distinct needs and circumstances of these states. Here are some states with special provisions:
1. Jammu and Kashmir:
- Article 370 (abrogated in 2019):
- Before its abrogation in 2019, Article 370 granted special autonomy to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It allowed the state to have its constitution, flag, and autonomy over internal matters, except defense, communications, and foreign affairs. The abrogation revoked the special status and integrated Jammu and Kashmir more closely with the rest of India.
2. Nagaland:
- Article 371A:
- Article 371A provides special provisions for Nagaland. It grants the state autonomy in certain matters related to its customary law and practices. It also restricts the application of Indian laws in Nagaland unless the state legislature decides.
3. Assam:
- Article 371B:
- Article 371B provides special provisions for Assam. It allows for the establishment of a committee to examine and recommend the extent of reservation of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Assam for tribal communities.
4. Manipur:
- Article 371C:
- Article 371C provides special provisions for Manipur. It allows for the establishment of a committee to recommend the extent of reservation of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Manipur for different communities.
5. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana:
- Article 371D:
- Article 371D provides special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It deals with equitable opportunities and facilities for people in these states in matters of public employment and education.
6. Maharashtra and Gujarat:
- Article 371:
- Article 371 provides special provisions for the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. It deals with equitable opportunities and facilities for people in these states in matters of public employment and education.
7. Sikkim:
- Article 371F:
- Article 371F provides special provisions for Sikkim. It recognizes the special status of Sikkim and grants autonomy in certain matters, allowing it to have its constitution and legislative powers.
8. Mizoram:
- Article 371G:
- Article 371G provides special provisions for Mizoram. It allows for the establishment of a committee to recommend the extent of reservation of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram for different communities.
9. Arunachal Pradesh:
- Article 371H:
- Article 371H provides special provisions for Arunachal Pradesh. It deals with equitable opportunities and facilities for people in the state in matters of public employment and education.
These special provisions are aimed at recognizing the unique circumstances and requirements of each state and ensuring that their distinct identities and interests are safeguarded within the constitutional framework of India.
