The Lok Sabha, as the lower house of the Parliament of India, plays a crucial role in the country’s democratic system. Its powers and functions are outlined in the Constitution of India.
Role of Lok Sabha:
Legislative Role:
The primary role of the Lok Sabha is to participate in the legislative process. It debates and passes laws on various subjects, including those in the Union List (subjects on which only the central government can legislate) and the Concurrent List (subjects on which both the central and state governments can legislate).
Financial Role:
The Lok Sabha has control over the finances of the government. It has the exclusive power to approve financial bills, including the annual budget, grants, and taxation proposals.
Representation:
The Lok Sabha represents the people of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the citizens through general elections, ensuring that the house reflects the diversity and interests of the Indian population.
Accountability:
Members of the Lok Sabha are accountable to the people. They represent the concerns and aspirations of their constituents and participate in debates, question sessions, and other parliamentary activities to ensure transparency and accountability.
Powers of Lok Sabha:
Legislative Powers:
The Lok Sabha has the power to make laws on subjects under the Union List. It can also legislate on Concurrent List subjects, but in case of a conflict, the central law prevails.
Financial Powers:
The Lok Sabha has exclusive control over money matters. It can approve, reject, or amend budget proposals and financial bills. The government cannot spend money without the approval of the Lok Sabha.
Impeachment Powers:
The Lok Sabha has the power to initiate the impeachment process against the President of India, the Vice President, judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, and the Comptroller and Auditor General.
Approval of Treaties and Agreements:
International treaties and agreements entered into by the government require the approval of the Lok Sabha. The government must present these agreements for discussion and approval.
Motion of No-Confidence:
The Lok Sabha can pass a motion of no-confidence against the Council of Ministers. If the motion is passed, the government may have to resign, leading to either the formation of a new government or fresh elections.
Approval of Emergency:
The proclamation of a national emergency must be approved by the Lok Sabha. The emergency can be declared by the President, but the Lok Sabha must endorse it within one month.
Functions of Lok Sabha:
Lawmaking:
The Lok Sabha is actively involved in the process of making and amending laws. It debates and discusses bills, and its approval is necessary for the passage of legislation.
Budget Approval:
The Lok Sabha plays a central role in the approval of the annual budget. It examines budget proposals, discusses financial matters, and votes on the budget, including demands for grants.
Question Hour:
During the Question Hour, members can ask questions to ministers, seeking information on various aspects of governance. This helps in holding the government accountable.
Committee System:
The Lok Sabha has various committees (e.g., Standing Committees, Select Committees) that scrutinize legislation, policies, and government actions. These committees provide in-depth analysis and recommendations.
Representation of People:
Members of the Lok Sabha represent the interests of the people. They participate in discussions, raise issues, and contribute to the decision-making process on behalf of their constituents.
Conclusion:
The Lok Sabha, as a key component of India’s parliamentary system, is vested with significant powers and functions. Its legislative, financial, and oversight roles are crucial for the functioning of the democratic framework, ensuring that the government remains accountable to the people it serves.
