CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in India is an apex governmental body responsible for addressing corruption in the public sector.

1. Background:
   • The Central Vigilance Commission was established in 1964 on the recommendations of the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption.
   • Initially, it was set up as a part-time advisory body; however, it was later conferred with statutory status through the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003.
   • The primary objective of the CVC is to advise and guide Central Government agencies in preventing corruption and promoting integrity and accountability in public administration.
2. Composition:
   • The CVC consists of a Central Vigilance Commissioner and not more than two Vigilance Commissioners.
   • They are appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of a three-member committee consisting of the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Minister of Home Affairs, and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha or the leader of the largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha.
   • The Central Vigilance Commissioner and the Vigilance Commissioners hold office for a term of four years or until they attain the age of 65, whichever is earlier.
3. Functions:
   • The main functions of the Central Vigilance Commission include:
     • Advising and guiding Central Government organizations in the formulation and implementation of policies, procedures, and programs for preventing corruption.
     • Conducting inquiries or investigations into allegations of corruption and misuse of official position by public servants working under the Central Government.
     • Advising on disciplinary proceedings against erring public servants and recommending appropriate action to be taken by the competent authorities.
     • Monitoring the progress of vigilance cases and reviewing the effectiveness of vigilance measures adopted by Central Government organizations.
     • Promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity in public administration through various preventive and promotional measures.
4. Working:
   • The Central Vigilance Commission receives complaints and grievances related to corruption and maladministration in Central Government organizations.
   • It conducts preliminary inquiries or investigations into these complaints to ascertain their veracity and seriousness.
   • The CVC may direct the concerned organizations to conduct further inquiries or investigations or may initiate suo motu inquiries based on media reports or other sources.
   • It provides advice and guidance to Central Government organizations on vigilance matters and recommends systemic improvements to prevent corruption.
   • The CVC also interacts with various stakeholders, including government agencies, civil society organizations, and the public, to raise awareness about corruption issues and promote ethical conduct in public service.

Overall, the Central Vigilance Commission plays a crucial role in combating corruption and promoting integrity in the Central Government administration in India through its advisory, monitoring, and investigative functions.