- Kakori Conspiracy (1925): A group of revolutionaries associated with the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) carried out a train robbery near Kakori, a town in present-day Uttar Pradesh. They aimed to loot the British government’s treasury onboard the train to fund their revolutionary activities. Though the robbery failed, it led to the arrest and trial of several Indian nationalists, including Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan.
- Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): In Bardoli, Gujarat, peasants led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel launched a non-violent resistance movement against the British authorities. The movement protested against excessive land revenue demands imposed by the British administration. Through unity and peaceful protest, the peasants were successful in forcing the British to roll back the increased taxes.
- Boycott of Simon Commission (1928): The Indian National Congress and other political organizations boycotted the Simon Commission, a British initiative to assess the working of the Indian constitutional system. The boycott reflected Indian discontent with the exclusion of Indian members from the Commission and the lack of genuine representation.
- Declaration of Dominion Status (1929): In December 1929, the Labour Party, led by Ramsay MacDonald, came to power in Britain. The MacDonald government announced its intention to grant Dominion Status to India, which was reiterated in the 1929 session of the Round Table Conference. However, this fell short of Indian aspirations for complete independence.
- The Young India and Harijan Movement: Mahatma Gandhi initiated the publication of “Young India” in 1919 and “Harijan” in 1933. These publications served as platforms for Gandhi to disseminate his ideas on non-violence, social justice, and freedom. They also highlighted the struggles of marginalized communities and advocated for their rights.
- Formation of All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) (1936): The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in 1936 in Lucknow, with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as its founding president. It was a peasant organization that aimed to address agrarian issues and fight for the rights of farmers and agricultural laborers.
These events, though relatively minor in comparison to major movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement or the Civil Disobedience Movement, contributed to the broader narrative of India’s struggle for independence and reflected the diverse strategies and forms of resistance adopted by Indian nationalists during this period.
