UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is a constitutional body established under Article 315 of the Constitution of India. It is responsible for conducting examinations for recruitment to various civil services and posts under the Union government.

Article 315 of the Constitution of India:

• Article 315 provides for the establishment of a Public Service Commission for the Union and for each state.
• It states that “there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union” and “a Public Service Commission for each State.”
• The composition, powers, and functions of the Union Public Service Commission are specified under this article.

Explanation:

1. Establishment:
   • Article 315 empowers the President of India to establish a Public Service Commission for the Union.
   • Accordingly, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) was established as a constitutional body to conduct examinations for recruitment to civil services and posts under the Union government.
2. Composition:
   • The composition of the UPSC is determined by the President of India.
   • The Commission consists of a Chairman and such other members as determined by the President.
   • The appointment of the Chairman and members of the UPSC is made by the President.
3. Powers and Functions:
   • The primary function of the UPSC, as specified under Article 315, is to conduct examinations for recruitment to various civil services and posts under the Union government.
   • The Commission conducts examinations such as the Civil Services Examination (CSE), Engineering Services Examination (ESE), Combined Defence Services Examination (CDS), and many others.
   • In addition to conducting examinations, the UPSC advises the President on matters related to the recruitment, promotion, and disciplinary matters concerning civil servants.
4. Tenure and Removal:
   • The Chairman and members of the UPSC hold office for a term of six years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
   • They are eligible for reappointment.
   • The Constitution provides for the removal of the Chairman or any member of the UPSC on the grounds of misbehavior or incapacity.
   • The President can remove the Chairman or member of the UPSC only after an inquiry conducted by the Supreme Court.
5. Independence:
   • The UPSC operates independently of the executive and legislative branches of the government.
   • Its independence is essential to ensure impartiality and fairness in the recruitment process.
   • The Commission exercises its powers and functions without interference from the government or any external authority.

Overall, the Union Public Service Commission plays a crucial role in the recruitment and selection of candidates for the civil services and posts under the Union government. Its establishment, composition, powers, and functions are enshrined in Article 315 of the Constitution, highlighting its significance as a constitutional body in India’s governance framework.