The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
- Composition:
- The NHRC consists of a Chairperson and four members, all of whom are appointed by the President of India.
- The Chairperson should be a retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India.
- One of the members should be a serving or retired Judge of the Supreme Court, one should be a serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court, and the other two should be experts in the field of human rights.
- Functions:
- The NHRC is tasked with the protection and promotion of human rights in India.
- It can investigate complaints of human rights violations either suo motu (on its own motion) or upon receiving a petition or complaint.
- It can also undertake inquiries into incidents of human rights violations, including cases of custodial death, rape, torture, and violations of rights of vulnerable groups such as women, children, and minorities.
- The NHRC has the power to visit jails and detention centers to ensure that human rights standards are maintained.
- It can recommend measures for the promotion and protection of human rights to the government and other authorities.
- The NHRC can also intervene in legal proceedings involving allegations of human rights violations.
- Working:
- The NHRC receives complaints and petitions from individuals, NGOs, and other organizations regarding human rights violations.
- After receiving a complaint, the NHRC conducts an inquiry or investigation into the matter.
- It may summon witnesses, examine documents, and gather evidence during its inquiry.
- The NHRC then issues recommendations or directives to the concerned authorities for redressal or remedial action.
- It can also recommend monetary compensation to victims of human rights violations.
- The NHRC submits annual and special reports to the government and publishes them for public awareness.
Overall, the NHRC plays a vital role in safeguarding human rights in India by investigating complaints, conducting inquiries, issuing recommendations, and promoting awareness about human rights issues. Its objective is to ensure that the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution are upheld and protected for all citizens
