1. India Supports UN Resolution on Palestine
Subject: International Relations
- India voted in favor of a United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution on 12 September 2025, endorsing the “New York Declaration” for a two-state solution to the Palestine issue.
- The resolution, backed by 142 nations, promotes a peaceful settlement with a sovereign Palestine alongside a secure Israel.
- The US and nine others opposed it, citing political motivations, while 12 abstained.
- India’s stance reflects its balanced approach, supporting Palestinian statehood while recognizing Israel’s security rights.
- This aligns with India’s historical position on Middle East peace, emphasizing mutually recognized borders.
- Concept: India’s Neighbourhood First Policy and its role in global diplomacy.
2. Great Nicobar Island Project Advances
Subject: National Development/Defence
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the Great Nicobar Island Project as a strategic initiative to transform the island into a maritime hub.
- The project includes a transshipment port, international airport, and renewable energy integration.
- It aims to enhance India’s maritime surveillance and security in the Indian Ocean Region.
- The initiative strengthens India’s strategic presence amid regional geopolitical tensions.
- Environmental concerns, including impacts on tribal communities and ecosystems, remain under scrutiny.
- Concept: Maritime Domain Awareness and India’s Act East Policy.
3. INS Aravali: New Naval Facility Commissioned
Subject: Defence
- INS Aravali, a shore-based naval information and communication facility, was commissioned in Gurugram, Haryana.
- It serves as a headquarters for real-time maritime surveillance, data fusion, and threat detection in the Indian Ocean Region.
- The facility connects with 43 multinational centers across 25 countries for live maritime data sharing.
- It hosts the National Maritime Domain Awareness Center, integrating security and intelligence agencies.
- Features AI-driven surveillance and satellite-enabled communication via GSAT-7R.
- Concept: National Security and India’s role in countering piracy, terrorism, and smuggling.
4. Tamil Nadu Education Policy 2025 Implemented
Subject: Polity/State Governance
- Tamil Nadu’s 2025 Education Policy retains the two-language formula, rejecting the National Education Policy’s three-language model.
- The policy abolishes Class 11 board exams to reduce student stress.
- It promotes inclusive, technology-driven education reforms, focusing on equitable access.
- Emphasis on vocational training and digital literacy to align with industry needs.
- The policy has sparked debates over alignment with national education frameworks.
- Concept: Federalism and state autonomy in education policy.
5. Bio-Diesel Trials with Isobutanol Blend
Subject: Economy/Environment
- The Indian government is testing a 10% isobutanol-diesel blend to address engine compatibility issues faced with ethanol blends.
- Isobutanol offers higher energy density and lower water absorption, reducing corrosion risks.
- Trials aim to assess performance, emissions, and efficiency for widespread adoption.
- This supports the National Biofuel Policy, reducing oil imports and boosting farmer income through biomass demand.
- The initiative enhances energy security and aligns with India’s net-zero goals.
- Concept: Sustainable Development and Energy Transition.
