1. Constitution Day Celebrations and Judicial Developments
SUBJECT: POLITY
- President Droupadi Murmu led nationwide celebrations for Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas) on November 26, 2025, marking the 75th anniversary of the Constitution’s adoption in 1949; events emphasized constitutional morality, pluralism, and social justice as guiding principles for India’s progress toward 2047.
- The Supreme Court heard arguments challenging the Election Commission of India’s Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar and other states, with counsel asserting that Booth Level Officers (BLOs) cannot determine citizenship status, reserving that authority for the Union government post-inquiry.
- Chief Justice of India Surya Kant orally observed during a hearing that society must avoid division along caste lines, in response to discussions on the Union government’s announcement for a caste census, underscoring the need for unity in constitutional implementation.
- The Election Commission summoned Trinamool Congress leaders for a meeting on November 28, 2025, amid ongoing SIR processes in 12 states including West Bengal, following protests by BLOs described as a “serious security breach.”
- Rahul Gandhi, Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, paid tribute to victims and security personnel of the 2008 Mumbai 26/11 attacks, highlighting their courage and sacrifice as a reminder of India’s resilience against terrorism.
- Concepts: Article 51A (Fundamental Duties) promotes constitutional values; Doctrine of Basic Structure ensures core features like secularism and equality remain intact.
2. Environmental and Health Challenges Amid Weather Disruptions
SUBJECT: NATIONAL ISSUES
- Heavy rainfall forecast across Tamil Nadu until November 26, 2025, due to a potential Cyclone Senyar in the Bay of Bengal, prompting yellow alerts in southern and delta districts; schools remain operational but safety advisories issued for residents.
- Ash plumes from Ethiopia’s Hayli Gubbi volcano, erupting after 12,000 years, temporarily reduced air quality in Delhi but are expected to clear Indian airspace by evening, with IMD monitoring visibility and health impacts.
- India recorded a 21% drop in tuberculosis cases and 25% fall in mortality rates in 2025, attributed to enhanced public health interventions under the National TB Elimination Programme.
- Chhattisgarh’s intensified counterinsurgency against Maoists led to 28 CPI(Maoist) cadres surrendering with a ₹89 lakh bounty; however, reports highlight allegations of extrajudicial killings and abuses against tribal villagers.
- Historic labour reforms implemented with all four Labour Codes now in effect nationwide, aiming to streamline worker protections, ease business compliance, and boost formal employment.
- Concepts: Article 21 (Right to Life and Health) underpins public health initiatives; Environmental Protection Act, 1986, guides responses to natural disasters like volcanic ash dispersion.
3. Diplomatic Engagements and Global Partnerships
SUBJECT: INTERNATIONAL
- India and Venezuela held the 5th Foreign Office Consultations in New Delhi, agreeing to enhance cooperation in trade, health, pharmaceuticals, digital technology, agriculture, and cultural exchanges to strengthen bilateral ties.
- Canada signals boosted trade with India as PM announces a potential early 2026 visit, focusing on resolving tariff issues and expanding market access amid shifting global supply chains.
- UN Human Rights Committee raised concerns over discrimination against minorities, Dalits, and tribals in India during its review of compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- China refuted allegations of harassing an Indian woman from Arunachal Pradesh at Shanghai airport, claiming actions followed immigration laws; India expressed diplomatic concerns over the three-hour detention incident.
- ICC announced venues for the 2026 T20 World Cup in India and Sri Lanka, including Narendra Modi Stadium and Eden Gardens, positioning India as a key host for global cricket diplomacy.
- Concepts: Article 51 (Promotion of International Peace) encourages multilateral engagements; Effect of foreign policies on India’s diaspora highlighted in bilateral consultations.
4. Growth Projections and Investment Opportunities
SUBJECT: ECONOMY
- IMF projects India’s GDP growth at 6.6% for 2025-26, outpacing China’s 4.8%, driven by robust domestic demand and resilient fundamentals despite global trade uncertainties.
- Chief Economic Advisor V Anantha Nageswaran stated the Indian economy will surpass $4 trillion in FY26, up from $3.9 trillion, fueled by strong investment climate and consumption.
- CEEW study forecasts India attracting $4.1 trillion (₹360 trillion) in cumulative green investments by 2047 across 36 value chains in energy transition, circular economy, and bioeconomy, unlocking a $1.1 trillion annual green market.
- India’s crude oil imports from Russia hit a monthly record of 1.9 million barrels per day in November 2025, up 17% month-on-month, as refiners stockpile ahead of US sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil.
- Sensex surged 800 points and Nifty reclaimed 26,100 on November 26, 2025, boosted by positive global cues and expectations of a US-backed Russia-Ukraine peace deal easing energy prices.
- Concepts: Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act supports growth targets; Green investments align with India’s NDCs under Paris Agreement for sustainable development.
5. Maritime and Technological Advancements
SUBJECT: DEFENCE
- Defence Minister Rajnath Singh urged international partners to collaborate on next-generation maritime capabilities at the Samudra Utkarsh Seminar 2025, emphasizing India’s shipbuilding ecosystem for building “trust and partnerships.”
- Indian Army formally commemorates soldiers lost in Operation Pawan (1987-1990 IPKF mission in Sri Lanka) for the first time, honoring their sacrifices in India’s inaugural major overseas military operation post-Independence.
- IAF and DRDO advance negotiations for next-generation air-to-air missiles with extended ranges and advanced propulsion, aiming to counter regional threats through indigenous development.
- India signs agreement to replenish Excalibur artillery projectiles used in Operation Sindoor (May 2025 retaliation against Pahalgam terror attack), enhancing precision strike capabilities.
- Rear Admiral Mohamed Tahin of Royal Moroccan Navy visited India (November 24-27, 2025) to bolster bilateral naval cooperation, including maritime security and joint exercises in the Indian Ocean Region.
- Concepts: Article 51(c) promotes international peace through defence diplomacy; Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative drives indigenous missile and artillery tech for self-reliance.
