The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution are outlined in Part IV (Articles 36-51). These principles provide guidance to the government on shaping policies and making laws for the governance of the country.
- Non-Justiciability: The most significant aspect of DPSP is that they are non-justiciable, meaning they are not legally enforceable by the courts. Citizens cannot approach the courts to seek remedies for violations of Directive Principles. This distinguishes DPSP from fundamental rights, which are justiciable, and citizens can seek legal remedies for their infringement.
- Moral and Political Philosophy: Despite their non-justiciable nature, DPSP holds immense moral and political significance. They represent the socio-economic and political ideals that the framers of the Constitution envisioned for the country. The Directive Principles articulate the goals and values that the government should strive to achieve in the interest of the welfare of the people.
- Supplementary to Fundamental Rights: While fundamental rights focus on protecting individual liberties, DPSP act as a supplement by emphasizing the collective welfare and socio-economic development of society. The Constitution aims to strike a balance between individual rights and the broader goals of social justice and equitable distribution of resources.
- Integral Part of the Constitution: DPSP are an integral part of the Constitution of India. Although they are not justiciable, they reflect the framers’ commitment to establishing a just and equitable society. The inclusion of Directive Principles emphasizes the Constitution’s comprehensive approach, addressing not only individual liberties but also societal well-being and progress.
- Instrument for Governance: DPSP serves as a guide for the government in policymaking. While not legally binding, the government is expected to consider these principles while formulating laws and policies. Over time, many DPSP have influenced the formulation of laws and policies in areas such as education, health, and social justice.
- Flexibility and Adaptability: The DPSP are not rigid or fixed principles. They are meant to be flexible and adaptable to changing social and economic conditions. This flexibility allows the government to adjust policies in response to evolving challenges and priorities.
In summary, the constitutional status of DPSP in India is characterized by their non-justiciable nature, moral and political significance, role as a supplement to fundamental rights, integration into the Constitution’s framework, and their function as guiding principles for governance rather than strict legal mandates.
