Telangana Movement
Year: 1946-1952
Area: Andhra Pradesh
Against Oppressive landlordism perpetrated by local landlords (jagirdars and Deshmukh, locally known as Dora), which Nizam patronised.
Reasons: Peasants were forced to pay high taxes due to unhealthy economic policies of Nizam rule, and in non-payments of the taxes, they were subjected to forced labour (Vetti) and even forced to be evicted from their land.
Nature of the Revolt:
Indian National Congress, Andhra Jana Sangam, and Andhra Maha Sabha (AMS) have raised the issue of Telangana’s poor peasantry. Jagir RyotuSangham was formed in 1940 to bring pressure upon the government to solve the problems of the peasants working under the jagirdars.
Later, the Guerrilla-styled armed struggle against both the landlords and razakars was adopted, for which the arms were provided by the Communist Party of India leadership.
British Reaction: Vetti was abolished, lands were distributed, debts were settled, etc.
All India Kisan Sabha
Year:1936
Formed at Indian National Congress (INC) Lucknow Session
Founder: Swami Sahajananda Saraswati
Formation of All India Kisan Sabha: In Bihar, Swami Sahajanand started a movement to protect the occupancy rights of the tenants, and formed Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha in 1929.
In Andhra, N.G. Ranga also mobilised the peasants and formed a Kisan Sabha. The Kisan Sabha movement spread to other regions of the country also, and it raised the demand for the abolition of zamindari.
At the Congress session in Lucknow in 1936, the All India Kisan Sabha was formed, with Sahajanand as its first president.
Manifesto: It issued the Kisan manifesto, which called for the abolition of zamindari and occupancy rights for all tenants.
After the Elections of 1937: The Congress ministries undertook certain measures to:
reduce the debt burdens by fixing interest rates in all provinces ruled by it, enhancements of rent were checked,
In UP, cultivators were given the status of occupancy tenants. In Bihar, bakhast lands were partly restored to tenants; in Maharashtra, the khoti tenants of landholders were given some rights.
Grazing fees on the forest lands were abolished
