The North Eastern Plateau Region in India is a geological and geographical region characterized by its elevated terrain, plateaus, and hills located primarily in the northeastern part of the country. This region encompasses parts of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal.
Geographical Features
- Plateaus and Hills:
- The region is marked by undulating plateaus and dissected hills, formed mainly of sedimentary rocks and basaltic lava flows. These plateaus often have flat-topped hills, locally known as “pats.”
- Examples include the Ranchi Plateau in Jharkhand and the Chotanagpur Plateau, which extends into parts of West Bengal and Odisha.
- Rivers and Valleys:
- The region is crisscrossed by numerous rivers and their tributaries, which have carved out valleys and gorges over time. These rivers, such as the Damodar, Mahanadi, and Subarnarekha, have a significant influence on the region’s topography and agriculture.
- Forest Cover:
- The North Eastern Plateau Region is known for its dense forest cover, consisting of tropical deciduous forests and mixed forests. These forests are rich in biodiversity and provide habitat to various flora and fauna.
Economic Activities
- Mining and Minerals:
- The region is rich in mineral resources such as coal, iron ore, manganese, bauxite, and limestone. Mining activities are prevalent, contributing significantly to the economy of states like Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
- Example: The Durgapur coalfield in West Bengal and the iron ore mines in Keonjhar (Odisha) are prominent mining areas within this region.
- Agriculture:
- Agriculture is a major economic activity, with the cultivation of rice, pulses, oilseeds, and vegetables being predominant. The fertile plains and river valleys support intensive agriculture.
- Example: The Damodar Valley region in Jharkhand and West Bengal is known for its irrigation projects and agricultural productivity.
- Industrial Development:
- The presence of mineral resources has spurred industrial growth in sectors such as steel, cement, power generation, and heavy machinery.
- Example: Ranchi and Jamshedpur in Jharkhand are industrial centers known for steel production and manufacturing.
Cultural Significance
- Tribal Communities:
- The North Eastern Plateau Region is home to various tribal communities with distinct cultural traditions, languages, and lifestyles. These communities have traditionally practiced agriculture and forest-based livelihoods.
- Example: The Santhal tribe in Jharkhand and Odisha is one of the largest tribal communities in the region.
Infrastructure and Connectivity
- Transportation:
- The region is well-connected by rail and road networks, facilitating the movement of goods and people between urban centers and rural areas.
- Example: The Howrah-Delhi main line and the Grand Chord rail line pass through parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal, enhancing connectivity.
Challenges and Conservation
- Environmental Concerns:
- Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and mining activities have led to environmental degradation, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity.
- Efforts are underway to promote sustainable mining practices, afforestation, and conservation of natural habitats.
Conclusion
The North Eastern Plateau Region in India is a diverse and economically significant area known for its mineral wealth, agricultural productivity, and cultural diversity. Strategic planning, sustainable development practices, and conservation efforts are crucial for balancing economic growth with environmental conservation and preserving the region’s natural heritage for future generations.
